Is hemodiafiltration the technical solution to chronic inflammation affecting hemodialysis patients?

Chronic inflammation is a complication of conventional hemodialysis that induces progressive cardiovascular damage. An apparently straightforward manipulation to treat this—removal of a large amount of uremic toxins by convection—has proven that the relationships between inflammation and convective techniques such as hemodiafiltration are more complicated than we currently understand. This Commentary addresses all the doubts and questions that lie behind the assertion that convection is the solution to the problem of inflammation in dialysis.